{"id":226,"date":"2020-04-01T00:59:42","date_gmt":"2020-04-01T00:59:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/?p=226"},"modified":"2020-04-06T12:53:26","modified_gmt":"2020-04-06T12:53:26","slug":"the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/","title":{"rendered":"The Top Things to Know About Menopause"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We all know what menopause is, and for those who do not know:&nbsp;<strong>menopause is a natural process of the female body, it occurs when the ovaries stop producing hormones, which means that when menopause is established as part of the life of a woman, she will stop having her period and, therefore, can no longer get pregnant.<\/strong>&nbsp;No longer having the period after a life suffering the pain that it brings with it sounds wonderful that it simply stops, doesn&#8217;t it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the moment the menopause symptoms begin to manifest, you will most likely prefer to take a trip back to your youth, when you did not have to worry about the fact that your body goes from choking to chill and that&nbsp;<strong>your mood can change from happiness to bitterness in a single second and without any specific reason.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Cause\" >Cause<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Natural_menopause\" >Natural menopause<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Age\" >Age<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Induced_menopause\" >Induced menopause<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Symptoms\" >Symptoms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Long_term_impediments\" >Long term impediments<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Menopause_phases\" >Menopause phases<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Perimenopause\" >Perimenopause<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Menopause\" >Menopause<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Postmenopause\" >Postmenopause<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Diagnosis\" >Diagnosis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Treatments\" >Treatments<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Menopause_symptoms_can_also_be_managed_by\" >Menopause symptoms can also be managed by:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/the-top-things-to-know-about-menopause\/#Summary\" >Summary<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cause\"><\/span>Cause<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Menopause is when the menstrual cycle of a woman ends indicating that bearing a child is no longer possible. Menopause is defined as the occurrence where a woman hasn\u2019t had menstrual bleeding for a year.&nbsp;<strong>Menopausal transition usually commences between the ages of 45 and 55, however, this age range can vary.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Menopause can occur naturally but, in some cases,, they are induced.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Natural_menopause\"><\/span>Natural menopause<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In the natural occurrence of menopause, as the woman ages, there is a decline in the production of reproductive hormones viz.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3660717\/\">estrogen<\/a><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4245250\/\">progesterone<\/a><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH)<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"691\" src=\"http:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/menopause-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/menopause-1.png 668w, https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/menopause-1-290x300.png 290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many changes happen during the menopausal phase of which the primary is the&nbsp;<strong>loss of ovarian follicles that are responsible for producing and releasing eggs that lead to either menstruation or pregnancy.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Age\"><\/span>Age<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The onset of menopause begins around the mid to late 40s, with infrequent menstrual cycle accompanied by longer and heavier blood flow.&nbsp;<strong>Most women in the United States attain menopause by the age of 52.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The average age at which menopause occurs is 51 though it has been observed that for African-American and Latina women, the onset is earlier at an age of 49.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Menopause symptoms<\/strong>&nbsp;are mostly observed about four years prior to a woman\u2019s last period. However, a lesser percentage of women experience these symptoms for about 10 years before the actual onset of&nbsp;<strong>menopause.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>These symptoms usually persist for up to four years after a woman\u2019s last period for most women and up to 12 years for 0.1% of the women population.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Primary Ovarian Insufficiency<\/em>&nbsp;or premature menopause is when women before the age of 40 attain menopause. However, this is seen in only about 1% of women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5% between the ages of 40 and 45 experience menopause, also known as early menopause.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Induced_menopause\"><\/span>Induced menopause<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Induced menopause occurs as a result of surgical removal of ovaries (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3514564\/\"><em>oophorectomy<\/em><\/a>), pelvic radiation, a pelvic injury that damages the ovaries, or radiotherapy.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Symptoms\"><\/span>Symptoms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Menopause symptoms vary from one woman to the other. The common signs and symptoms of menopause include the following<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Symptoms associated with the uterus and vagina<\/em><ul><li>Irregular periods<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/vaginal-dryness-what-is-it-and-how-to-beat-it\/\">Vaginal dryness<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Symptoms associated with mood and memory<\/em><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/exercise-helps-reduce-mental-health-disorders-like-anxiety-and-depression\/\">Anxiety<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Depression<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Inability to concentrate<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Forgetfulness<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/low-sex-drive-solutions\/\">Reduced sex drive<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Other physical symptoms include i<\/em>nsomnia, hot flashes, painful intercourse, chills, and night sweats. The other symptoms include weight gain, dry skin, and increased urination. You might also suffer from headaches,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/urinary-tract-infection-diagnosis\">UTI (Urinary tract infections)<\/a><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>, joint stiffness, hair thinning and increase hair growth.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Long_term_impediments\"><\/span>Long term impediments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Long term complications that can occur during menopause include the following:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Vulvovaginal atrophy<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Osteoporosis<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Cataracts<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Urinary incontinence<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Heart diseases<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Periodontal disease<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Menopause_phases\"><\/span>Menopause phases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Perimenopause\"><\/span>Perimenopause<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4834516\/\">Perimenopause<\/a>&nbsp;is the phase that occurs prior to menopause. In this phase, the hormones start to change in preparation for the oncoming menopause. Irregular periods and changes in flow are observed in perimenopause.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a>While this can last anywhere between months to several years, some women skip perimenopause entire and enter their menopause phase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"939\" height=\"454\" src=\"http:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/menopause-status-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/menopause-status-1.png 939w, https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/menopause-status-1-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/gaintrial.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/menopause-status-1-768x371.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 939px) 100vw, 939px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;Stages of the reproductive aging workshop (STRAW) simplified to show the relevant stages and ages that precede the final menstrual period (FMP). MT, menopausal transition. The speed bump sign indicates the transition period from early to late MT, which is typically associated with an increase of the commonly observed menopausal symptoms: hot flashes, poor sleep, adverse mood, and vaginal dryness.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn10\"><sup><strong>[10]<\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Menopause\"><\/span>Menopause<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Menopause is when a woman has not experienced menstruation for one complete year<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Postmenopause\"><\/span>Postmenopause<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The years following the menopause is referred to as Postmenopause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diagnosis\"><\/span>Diagnosis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-permits-marketing-diagnostic-test-aid-determination-menopausal-status\"><em>PicoAMH Elisa<\/em>&nbsp;diagnostic test<\/a>&nbsp;is a blood test &#8211; approved by the FDA &#8211; helping determine whether a woman has entered or is about to enter the menopause phase.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Blood tests that measure FSH and&nbsp;<strong>Estradiol levels are also used to diagnose menopause. Elevated FSH levels with an absence of menstruation for a year, is the usual confirmation of menopause.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Additional tests that can be done to confirm menopause includes:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Thyroid function tests<\/strong><ul><li><strong>Blood lipid profile<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Kidney function tests<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn12\"><sup><strong>[12]<\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treatments\"><\/span>Treatments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Menopause is a natural process and usually does not require any kind of medication. However, if the symptoms are severe and interfering with daily life quality, treatment may be required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of the medications used to treat menopause symptoms include<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Topical minoxidil<\/em>&nbsp;5%, for hair thinning<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Eflornithine-hydrochloride\"><em>Eflornithine hydrochloride<\/em><\/a> topical cream that helps avoid hair growth<\/li><li><em>Prophylactic<\/em> antibiotics for UTI<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Menopause_symptoms_can_also_be_managed_by\"><\/span>Menopause symptoms can also be managed by:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wearing light clothing for hot flashes. Having portable fans can also help relieve the symptoms if experienced on the go.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Exercising for up to 30 minutes a day and reducing calorie intake can help boost energy and improve mood.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Taking supplements rich in&nbsp;<em>Magnesium,&nbsp;<strong>Calcium and Vitamin D<\/strong><\/em><strong>&nbsp;can help reduce the risk of osteoporosis.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Yoga and meditation can help relax the body.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dry skin can be treated using skin moisturizers.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sleep medications or sleeping aids can be used to increase the quality of sleep and thus prevent insomnia.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Exposure to smoking and alcohol can increase the severity of the symptoms.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Limiting alcohol intake and avoiding smoking can help to keep the symptoms at bay.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Natural supplements like&nbsp;<em>Soy, Vitamin E and Flax seeds<\/em>&nbsp;also help limit menopause symptoms<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn14\"><sup><strong>[14]<\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If any of the menopause symptoms persist, it is best to meet a doctor and get advice on the same. Similarly, feelings of depression and anxiety are common during menopause. Do not hesitate to consult a therapist or a psychologist to discuss these changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Communicating with close friends and family will also help them know how to support you during this phase.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftn15\"><sup><strong>[15]<\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span>Summary<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Menopause marks the end of fertility in a woman, which usually happens by mid-50s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Symptoms experienced during menopause include hot flashes, weight loss, hair thinning, and palpitations.&nbsp;Symptoms can persist for years after menopause has occurred. There are medications that can help relieve the symptoms. Additionally, lifestyle changes can also promote a healthy living.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Keating NL, Cleary PD, Rossi AS, Zaslavsky AM, Ayanian JZ.&nbsp;Use of hormone replacement therapy by postmenopausal women in the United States.&nbsp;Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:545\u2013553. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10189323\">PubMed<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Williams C L, Stancel G M. Elmsford, Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1996. Estrogens and Progestins; pp. 1411\u20131440.&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?q=Williams+C+L+Stancel+G+M+Estrogens+and+Progestins+Elmsford,+Oxford+Pergamon+Press+1996+1411+1440+\">Google Scholar<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539692\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539692\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3660717\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins- Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin no. 89. Elective and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy.&nbsp;Obstet Gynecol.&nbsp;2008;111(1):231\u2013241. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18165419\">PubMed<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6722518\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6722518\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/urinary-tract-infection-diagnosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Santoro N., Epperson C.N., Mathews S.B. Menopausal Symptoms and Their Management.&nbsp;Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am.&nbsp;2015 doi: 10.1016\/j.ecl.2015.05.001.&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4890704\/\">PMC free article<\/a>]&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26316239\">PubMed<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ecl.2015.05.001\">CrossRef<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Guthrie JR, Dennerstein L, Taffe JR, Donnelly V.&nbsp;Healthcare-seeking for menopausal problems.&nbsp;Climacteric&nbsp;2003;6:112\u2013117 [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12841881\">PubMed<\/a>]&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?journal=Climacteric&amp;title=Healthcare-seeking+for+menopausal+problems&amp;author=JR+Guthrie&amp;author=L+Dennerstein&amp;author=JR+Taffe&amp;author=V+Donnelly&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;pages=112-117&amp;pmid=12841881&amp;\">Google Scholar<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4834516\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-permits-marketing-diagnostic-test-aid-determination-menopausal-status<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/10936902\">https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/10936902<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/6310460\">https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/6310460<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4890704\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4890704\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/2297EC0E-F392-48A4-8401-24CC06C65041#_ftnref15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Guthrie JR, Dennerstein L, Taffe JR, et al. Health care-seeking for menopausal problems.&nbsp;Climacteric.&nbsp;2003;6:112\u2013117. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12841881\">PubMed<\/a>]&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?journal=Climacteric&amp;title=Health+care-seeking+for+menopausal+problems&amp;author=JR+Guthrie&amp;author=L+Dennerstein&amp;author=JR+Taffe&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;pages=112-117&amp;pmid=12841881&amp;\">Google Scholar<\/a>]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We all know what menopause is, and for those who do not know:&nbsp;menopause is a natural process of the female body, it occurs when the ovaries stop producing hormones, which means that when menopause is 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